目录

ChapterI Introduction to the Profession
Lesson 1 History of the Education of Clinical Laboratory Personnel
Lesson 2 Professionals within the CIiniealLaboratory
Lesson 3 Clinical Disciplines in the Hospital Laboratory
Lesson 4 Places of Employment
ChapterⅡ Introduction to Medical Terminology
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书摘
Lesson 3．CLINlCAL CHEMlSTRY
In the clinicalchemistry section，clinical laboratorv practi-tioners．perform biochemical analyses of body fluids using highlymmplex，most often fuflyautomated instrumentation．Body-fluidstested in this area．include serum，urine，CSF，amniotic fluid，pleu-ral fluid and synovial fluid．Common tests performed on serum．urine and CSF include serum glucose and total protein concentra-tions．Other analytes tested for in the serum are electrolytes such assodium（Na+），otassium（K+），chloride（Cl-）and carbondioxide（CO2）．Blood urea nitrogen，creatinine，liver enzymc and car-diaC enzymelevels are alto commonly requested tests．
Serum glfleoselevelis determined to diagnose and monitor dia-betes．Elevated levels as well as low levels of glucose are life threa-tening if the patient does not receive the appropriate intervention．The presence of glucose in urine provides a similar diagnostiC andmonitoring too1．
Proteins serve numerous bodily functions．Exploring each funC-tion in detail is beyond the scope of this chapter．Table 3-2 lists themajor functions of proteins．Measuring total serum protein conCen-trations provides valuable information regarding disease processes inmajor organ systems．Low levels（hypoproteinemia）as well as highlevels（hyperproteinemia）are indicative of pathologiC 0）nditions,some of which can be serious．An example of a decreased levelof pro-teins is found in renal disease， in which proteinsarelost byexcretionthrough the kidneys．Proteins are not usually deteCted in theurine:therefore，loss of plasma proteins through the kidneys resuItS in pro-teinu．ria（proteins in the urine）．Dehydration theat results from exces-sive vomiting and diarrheamay produceanincreasedlevel of plasma proteins．Conditions such as multiple myelorua pn：xtuce highly eleva- ted protein concentrations．
Anincreflseintotal proteinintheCsFindicatesthepresence of inflammatory cells SUch aS PMNs
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