Preface
Acknowledgements
PART ONE Basic issues
1 The learning part
2 The language part
3 The analysis part
PART TWO What learners need to know
4 Global needs analysis
5 Grammatical-rhetorical needs analysis
6 Review of techniques
PART THREE What learners do and do not know
7 Grammatical competence
8 Sociolinguistic competence
9 Strategic competence
10 Some methodological issues in investigating learner language
PART FOUR Getting the learnersviews
11 The confidence factor
12 The perception of improvement
Bibliography
Appendices
1 Informal needs assessment
……
Index